Revista Eletrônica da ANPHLAC

De la víctima a la nación

Ulrich Mücke — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Entre 1980 y 2000 Perú vivió un conflicto armado interno en el cual murieron casi 70.000 personas según los cálculos de la Comisión de Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR, 2001-2003). El presente artículo describe como se construyó una memoria acerca de este conflicto desde los años 1980. Para eso se analiza los primeros debates académicos en el siglo pasado, la producción cinematográfica y las novelas más importantes, el trabajo de la CVR, la vasta literatura de memoria que surge en el siglo XXI y finalmente algunas contribuciones desde el campo de la historia y la antropología actual. Llama la atención que casi todos los trabajos de análisis y memoria resaltan las divisiones profundas que existen en la sociedad peruana y que la énfasis en el dolor de las víctimas ha ganado cada vez más importancia de modo que en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI ocuparse del conflicto armado interno equivalía a escuchar la voz de las víctimas y enterarse de su sufrimiento. Partiendo de la tesis de Jan Philipp Reemtsma sobre el rol de la víctima en la sociedad contemporánea y de los trabajos de Pierre Bourdieu y Ulrike Frevert sobre el insulto y la humillación el artículo concluye que la memoria centrada en la víctima ayudó a reducir la división entre los diferentes grupos sociales y culturales en el Perú ya que asignó dignidad a los pobladores de los Andes y sus descendientes. La dignidad de la víctima igualó moralmente grupos marginalizados económico y socialmente con las personas de sectores privilegiados.

Expediente

Alexandre Guilherme da Cruz Alves Junior — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

PRESENTACIÓN DEL DOSSIER “DERECHAS RADICALES EN LAS AMÉRICAS”

Daniel Inclán, Patrícia Sposito Mechi, Tereza M. Spyer Dulci — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

PRESENTACIÓN DEL DOSSIER “DERECHAS RADICALES EN LAS AMÉRICAS”

The Rise of the Far Right in Latin America:

Giovana Mylena Silva Soares, Maria Cllara Barbieri Farinha Marrafa — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Latin America has undergone intense political transformations, marked by the clash between progressives and conservatives. After the Pink Tide, a period of left-wing dominance in the early 21st century, the region experienced a shift to the right, consolidating the Blue Wave and the rise of the far right from 2015 onwards. This movement revived authoritarian rhetoric, downplayed the crimes of past dictatorships, and strengthened conservative agendas, particularly in moral and security-related matters. This article examines the rise of the far right in Latin America, its roots in military regimes, the impact of neoliberalism, and economic crises. Through a historiographical analysis and case studies of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, it investigates how Jair Bolsonaro, José Antonio Kast, and Javier Milei employ rhetoric and political strategies that resonate with authoritarianism. Additionally, it explores the role of social media in spreading these narratives and the challenges posed to democracy.

A The Cynical Reason and Cynical Capitalism in the Far Right of Latin America: a Historical Analysis of the Insertion of the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Latin America.

Ramon Fernandes Lourenço — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The article aims to investigate the relationship between the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Latin America and Cynical Capitalism, as both a method and an outcome promoted by this actor. To this end, it employs documentary research as its methodology, drawing on an analysis of the event websites. As a conclusion, it presents a historical analysis of the internationalization process of CPACs, identifying a connection between this actor and Cynical Capitalism, emphasizing that these elements share the same methods of operation and modes of construction. Finally, the research highlights its originality in analyzing the expansion of CPACs in Latin America through their relationship with the concept of Cynical Capitalism.

Between “A Razão” and “La Opinión”:

Tamires de Moura Nogueira Rosa — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The beginning of the 20th century was characterized by the emergence of nationalist projects in Latin America. This concept was central to the projects of Plínio Salgado in Brazil and the Revolutionary Union (UR) in Peru. Before the creation of the Brazilian Integralist Action, Salgado articulated his reflections in the column “A Nota Política”, in the newspaper A Razão (1931-1932). Synchronously, the UR published its nationalist program in its periodical La Opinión (1931-1932). Thus, given the role of the press in disseminating these projects, the research conducts a comparative analysis of the editorials published. These productions are seen as means for observing the interaction between historical contexts and the positions adopted by their authors in the construction of nationalist political projects, in a scenario that preceded the formation of Latin American fascist movements.

New Age Liberalism e Revolución Cultural

Renan Rivaben Pereira — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Olavo de Carvalho can be considered the most influential or popular intellectual figure of Brazilian right-wing radicalism in the 21st century. In order to trace his influences and those of the political field in which he was embedded, we place at the center of our analysis his book published in 1994 by Stella Caymmi. The research mapped the transmitters and receivers of that ideology, as well as the sources, themes, and arguments—both national and international—that would shape Carvalho's argumentative structure regarding the New Age and the Cultural Revolution. Despite the importance of digital networks for the international political consolidation of the new right-wing movements in the 21st century, we observe an anti-progressive ideological profusion from Latin American priests and U.S. ideologues as early as the late 1980s, on which Carvalho had anchored himself before later securing his significance and singularity in the field.

American Way of Law: a Constituição dos Estados Unidos como norte no ideário da nova direita jurídica brasileira

Jos[e Bento de Oliveira Camassa — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Closely linked to Bolsonarism, a new legal right has engaged in the Brazilian public debate, championing views similar to those of the former president. This article discusses a pivotal aspect of the ideology of this intellectual network: its enormous fondness for the constitutionalism of the United States of America. The article demonstrates how the new legal right idealizes American Law and claims some of its elements in the name of contemporary political conflicts in Brazil. The first section elucidates how, by idolizing the United States Constitution, the new legal right resonates with the powerful trope of American exceptionalism. The two following sections examine how the American legal framework regarding freedom of expression and the right to keep and carry arms is rhetorically invoked to support Bolsonaro's interests and policies. Finally, the article emphasizes how the First and Second Amendments to the American Constitution have become symbols of the new Brazilian right.

John Collier (1884-1968): um intelectual indigenista inserido na “tradição de dissenso” estadunidense

Guilherme Gomes dos Santos — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the intellectual trajectory of John Collier (1884–1968) and highlight how his work aligns with the United States' “tradition of dissent,” a current of critical and progressive thought tracing back to thinkers like Henry Thoreau (1817–1862). Throughout his life, Collier was a central figure in advocating for Indigenous rights, particularly during his tenure as Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1933–1945), when he implemented the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of 1934. The research explores how his intellectual formation and engagement with critical circles and social movements shaped his actions, situating him within the intellectual and political dynamics of the 20th century and emphasizing his importance in resistance and dissident thought in the United States.

Keywords: John Collier; tradition of dissent; intellectual history.

In the time of dinosaurs: economic crisis, labor relations, and xenophobia in the United States of America in the early 1990s

Roberto Moll Neto — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This paper examines the discussion surrounding the economy and migration in the United States of America, focusing on the relationships between corporations, government, media, workers, and Latin American immigrants in the early 1990s. It analyzes the Green Card episode from the series Dinosaurs and uses a method that looks at cinematic and television stories. The results reveal multiple interpretations of economic crisis, immigration, xenophobia, and media influence.

Nuestro Folklore

Ana Laura Galvão Batista — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In response to the transformations that marked Argentina in the 1940s and 1950s, especially the intensification of migratory movements from the rural interior provinces to the capital Buenos Aires and the consequent emergence of a mass culture in the country, the populist regime of the First Peronism (1946-1955) would use initiatives in the area of culture to affirm a certain common national sensibility through a mass discourse based on the continuity between the imagination of the masses and popular memory in its various forms of expression. Thus, this paper investigates the appropriations of the Argentine rural popular symbolism by Peronist discourse as a crucial element for its project of reconfiguring national identity. To this end, the object of analysis is the magazine Mundo Radial (1949-1957) – integrated into the Peronist media monopoly – and its editorial project aimed at constructing an imaginary favorable to the rural universe and the folkloric songs in the midst of urban entertainment, with emphasis on the anonymous essays that pedagogically accompany the thematic section Nuestro Folklore on the page that precedes it.

O retorno de exiladas ao Chile e suas contribuições para os movimentos feministas e o processo de transição democrática (1987-1990)

Iasmin Gomes — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Neste trabalho, investigaremos como o retorno de exiladas ao Chile contribuiu para os movimentos feministas e a transição democrática do país. No percurso, estudaremos o Instituto de la Mujer, fundado em 1987 e a Concertación de Mujeres por la Democracia de 1988, enfatizando como essas organizações atuaram em face dos processos mencionados anteriormente. Utilizaremos a revista Mensaje como nossa principal fonte de pesquisa e o período de 1987 a 1990 como recorte temporal. Entre os nossos objetivos estão, salientar o quanto áreas como exílio, feminismo e política se articularam em contexto de luta contra o Estado ditatorial e mobilizações pela abertura à democracia.

The political history of the press by Maria Helena Capelato

Otávio Daros — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article discusses the historiographical contribution of Maria Helena Capelato, one of the pioneers in historical research on the press in Brazil. The analysis focuses on the complete work of the historian, including her partnerships with Carlos Guilherme Mota and Maria Ligia Prado. It is important to understand what idea of journalism emerges from her research, as well as what its innovations and limitations are. One of the arguments is that her project, despite of its erudition and methodological accuracy, overestimates the role of editorials, at the same time that it closes off the conception of journalism as a political-ideological instrument to manipulate and intervene in public opinion.

The The teaching of history about left organizations in the dictatorship civil military in textbooks

Herik Alves — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article aims to discuss the deletions and omissions of left-wing organizations in public school textbooks on history and human sciences distributed in the state of Maranhão, specifically the contents of these books that deal with the authoritarian regimes of the 20th century. The first part of the article will address the National Textbook Program (PNLD) and its impact on the development of textbooks in Brazil. Subsequently, while still dealing with the PNLD, data on the distribution of textbooks in the state of Maranhão will be presented. The second part will analyze the contents focused on the civil-military dictatorship in the textbooks A Conquista da História and Ciências Humanas: Política, Conflitos e Cidadania, in order to verify whether the books follow the historiographical trends on the period. Finally, the representation of dictatorships in Latin America in textbooks will be discussed.